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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Just, Richard E.. |
| The United States has developed a very successful R&D system for agriculture. It is a system with shared cost/financing and performance by the federal and state governments and by the private sector. The paper presents an economic analysis of alternative organization, management, incentive, and funding mechanisms for agricultural research under budget constraints, including some emphasis on the kinds of benefits that are generated and the groups that receive them. We conclude that the private sector should be permitted to carry out research that it finds profitable to undertake with minimal competition from the public sector. The public research institutions should focus on general and pretechnology science programs that complement private R&D... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research; R&D; Funding; Innovations; Science; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18259 |
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| Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.; Heisey, Paul W.; Shoemaker, Robbin A.; Sullivan, John; Frisvold, George B.. |
| Crop genetic resources are the basis of agricultural production, and significant economic benefits have resulted from their conservation and use. However, crop genetic resources are largely public goods, so private incentives for genetic resource conservation may fall short of achieving public objectives. Within the U.S. germplasm system, certain crop collections lack sufficient diversity to reduce vulnerability to pests and diseases. Many such genetic resources lie outside the United States. This report examines the role of genetic resources, genetic diversity, and efforts to value genetic resources. The report also evaluates economic and institutional factors influencing the flow of genetic resources, including international agreements, and their... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Genetic diversity; Germplasm; R&D; International transfer of genetic resources; In situ conservation; Ex situ conservation; Gene banks; Intellectual property.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59388 |
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| Ulku, Hulya. |
| This study identifies the effect of technology shocks on aggregate output using confirmatory factor analysis employed by Griliches, Hall and Pakes (1991). The analysis is based on the assumptions that there are two distinct shocks in an economy, demand and technology shocks, and that the patent data contain additional information on technology shocks. The findings show that, while the patent and R&D data do not contain significant information on technology shocks in the full sample of OECD countries, they do have significant information on these shocks in the G13 countries. The results suggest that, in the G13 countries technology shocks can explain almost all of the unexpected changes in patent stock, half of those in R&D stock and a quarter of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Technology shocks; Innovation; R&D; Patents; Output; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30547 |
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| Roucan-Kane, Maud; Ubilava, David; Xu, Pei. |
| The objective of this paper is to determine how the firm's infrastructure, the financial characteristics of a company (net income, sales), and the organizational structure (number of acquisitions, age of establishment of the firm) affect R&D investments in the agricultural sector. We use data for companies under the SIC codes for agricultural chemicals, and crop planning and protection. The results based on analysis of 69 observations of 12 firms revealed that firm's financial and organizational infrastructure does affect its R&D expenditures. Older and larger firms tend to spend more on R&D. During the last 17 years the R&D expenditures with respect to the sales of the company have been reduced. Finally, contrary to the expectations,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: R&D; Agriculture; Chemicals; Crop planning; Crop protection; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A10; O32; Q16. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7332 |
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| Achillas, Ch.; Aidonis, D.; Folinas, D.; Moussiopoulos, N.; Triantafillou, D.. |
| In order to increase efficiency and improve competitiveness, manufacturers around the globe are focusing on developing their core businesses. On the other hand, standard activities of engineering are optimally accomplished outside the borders of the firm; thus outsourcing of non-core businesses has become lately a common practice. Product design is considered as one of the most important phases in a product’s life cycle, since the majority of most critical decisions in terms of products’ overall performance are considered during the Research & Development (R&D) phase. Involving suppliers in a firm’s R&D offers significant benefits in various directions, such as feasibility, practicability, sustainability, competitiveness and innovativeness.... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Product design; Suppliers; R&D; Outsourcing strategy; Multicriteria analysis ELECTRE III. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2917 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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